A Systematic Approach for Making 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Implants for Cranio maxillofacial Reconstruction. Craniomaxillofacial reconstruction implants, which are extensively used in head and neck surgery, are conventionally made in standardized forms. During surgery, the implant must be bended manually to match the anatomy of the individual bones. There have been reports on the use of patient-specific 3D-printed implants for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction, although few reports have considered implant quality. Craniomaxillofacial reconstruction is a common surgical operation that has been extensively used in tumor removal and trauma care. The use of three-dimensional (3D)-printed patient-specific craniomaxillofacial reconstruction implants has been increasingly reported.